Human Papillomavirus-11 as a Risk Factor for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Doi: 10.36351/pjo.v42i2.2202

Abstract

• Purpose:To evaluate the association between human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) infection and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).
• Study Design:Analytical observational study with a case-control design.
• Place and Duration of Study:Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, from March 2020 to March 2024.
• Methods:In this study, the case group comprised 25 Histopathologically confirmed OSSN samples, while the control group consisted of 25 conjunctival autograft tissues obtained from pterygium surgeries. HPV-11 DNA detection was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. The association between HPV-11 infection and OSSN was assessed using bivariate analysis to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
• Results:The mean age of patients was 52.28 years in the OSSN group and 51.0 years in the control group, with males comprising 60% of the OSSN cases. HPV-11 DNA was detected in 14 OSSN samples (56%) compared with one control sample (4%). Bivariate analysis showed a strong association between HPV-11 infection and OSSN (OR = 27.00; 95% CI: 24.84–29.15). Multivariate analysis identified HPV-11 infection (adjusted OR = 17.79; 95% CI: 1.88–167.68) and outdoor occupation (adjusted OR = 7.36; 95% CI: 1.46–37.00) as significant risk factors.
• Conclusion:HPV-11 infection is significantly associated with OSSN and may contribute to its pathogenesis, particularly in individuals with increased ultraviolet exposure.